Looking for other datasets? Contact Us

List of Podiatrists in Michigan

Number of Podiatrists in Michigan with email address, phone number, geocoded address, and other key details for download.

  • 1406

    Number of Podiatrists

Data updated on April 20, 2024
$149
$1490(90% off)
Smartscrapers has the most up to date and comprehensive Podiatrists list in Michigan. Our lists are constantly being verified and our database is constantly being updated.

Trusted by 100k+ Businesses

Download list of Podiatrists in Michigan

Find new clients and close more deals with the world’s best business leads provider. You can download Podiatrists email and phone number lists for your sales teams. Here is a random sample of 30 records for you to look at the fields and the data that we provide.

nameaddresscityState/TerritorycountryemailphoneReview CountRating Scoresurl
Dr. Meaghan StoinskiAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Syed M. Ghani, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone25Link
Gary A. Wasiak, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone95Link
Dr. Christine I. TumeleAddressMonroeMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone25Link
Dr. Mohammad KhalilAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Bruce KallouAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Murray J Kahn, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone15Link
Dr. Thomas M. Hall, DPMAddressChelseaMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone25Link
Dr. Cody BrushAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Robert M Koivunen, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone44Link
Andrew R Mastay, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Dr. Muhammed ShamimAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone94.8Link
Michael J Stamey, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone55Link
Bruce KallouAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone15Link
Dr. Greg P. VogtAddressMonroeMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone15Link
Joshua D Rhodenizer , D.P.M.AddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Arnold B. Wolf, DPM DABFASAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone114.6Link
Hills & Dales Podiatry ClinicAddressCass CityMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Brian G Loder, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone2724.8Link
Judi M. Ecker, DPMAddressMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone73.4Link
Patrick Richmond D.P.M. P.C.AddressMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone25Link
Dr. Greg P. VogtAddressLambertvilleMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone25Link
Dr. Christine I. TumeleAddressLambertvilleMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Dr. David Hunter D.P.M. P.C.AddressMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone15Link
Nsima Usen, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone14Link
Andrew R Mastay, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Dr. Edward S Gordon D.P.M., P.C. And Timothy B Snyder D.P.M.AddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone25Link
Kevin Sorensen, DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone33.7Link
Karl Dunn, DPMAddressCharlotteMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
Cirilli George D DPMAddressDetroitMichiganUnited StatesEmailPhone00Link
[
  {
    "name": "Dr. Meaghan Stoinski",
    "address": "23**********",
    "phone": "********8338",
    "email": "Fe*******@gm*******",
    "lat": 42.5570715,
    "lng": -83.4379705,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Practitioner service locations"
  },
  {
    "name": "Syed M. Ghani, DPM",
    "address": "23**********",
    "phone": "********1160",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.470575,
    "lng": -82.9536609,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 2,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Gary A. Wasiak, DPM",
    "address": "29**********",
    "phone": "********3729",
    "email": "in**@co**********",
    "lat": 42.6541542,
    "lng": -83.5722705,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 9,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Christine I. Tumele",
    "address": "10**********",
    "phone": "********0200",
    "email": "in**@mo********",
    "lat": 41.9299952,
    "lng": -83.38989,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Monroe",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 2,
    "category_name": "Doctors,Podiatrists,Sports medicine physicians"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Mohammad Khalil",
    "address": "24**********",
    "phone": "********4220",
    "email": "in**@fo**********",
    "lat": 42.4703699,
    "lng": -83.2204607,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Practitioner service locations,Surgeons"
  },
  {
    "name": "Bruce Kallou",
    "address": "26**********",
    "phone": "********0001",
    "email": "mi********@gm*******",
    "lat": 42.4864572,
    "lng": -83.5219788,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Practitioner service locations"
  },
  {
    "name": "Murray J Kahn, DPM",
    "address": "29**********",
    "phone": "********7936",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.3845083,
    "lng": -83.3302574,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 1,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Thomas M. Hall, DPM",
    "address": "35**********",
    "phone": "********5800",
    "email": "of****@st**********",
    "lat": 42.3204459,
    "lng": -84.0200625,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Chelsea",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 2,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Cody Brush",
    "address": "15**********",
    "phone": "********2950",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.6149,
    "lng": -82.9606,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Practitioner service locations"
  },
  {
    "name": "Robert M Koivunen, DPM",
    "address": "29**********",
    "phone": "********7936",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.3845083,
    "lng": -83.3302574,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 4,
    "rating_count": 4,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Andrew R Mastay, DPM",
    "address": "91**********",
    "phone": "********7936",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.3912408,
    "lng": -83.0573639,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Muhammed Shamim",
    "address": "51**********",
    "phone": "********0370",
    "email": "Or*********@ii******",
    "lat": 42.3243027,
    "lng": -83.221316,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 4.8,
    "rating_count": 9,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Michael J Stamey, DPM",
    "address": "29**********",
    "phone": "********7936",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.3845083,
    "lng": -83.3302574,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 5,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Bruce Kallou",
    "address": "29**********",
    "phone": "********0001",
    "email": "mi********@gm*******",
    "lat": 42.5068347,
    "lng": -83.2866315,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 1,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Greg P. Vogt",
    "address": "10**********",
    "phone": "********0200",
    "email": "in**@mo********",
    "lat": 41.9299952,
    "lng": -83.38989,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Monroe",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 1,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Sports medicine physicians,Doctors"
  },
  {
    "name": "Joshua D Rhodenizer , D.P.M.",
    "address": "13**********",
    "phone": "********7936",
    "email": "Ma**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.3962529,
    "lng": -82.9020752,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Arnold B. Wolf, DPM DABFAS",
    "address": "42**********",
    "phone": "********0840",
    "email": "om**********@pr*********",
    "lat": 42.6091791,
    "lng": -82.9917237,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 4.6,
    "rating_count": 11,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Plastic surgeons,Surgeons"
  },
  {
    "name": "Hills & Dales Podiatry Clinic",
    "address": "46**********",
    "phone": "********6595",
    "email": "in**@hd********",
    "lat": 43.6036949,
    "lng": -83.1828823,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Cass City",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Brian G Loder, DPM",
    "address": "15**********",
    "phone": "********3895",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.611852,
    "lng": -82.9654519,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 4.8,
    "rating_count": 272,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Judi M. Ecker, DPM",
    "address": "35**********",
    "phone": "********9930",
    "email": "BA**********@GM*******",
    "lat": 43.593813,
    "lng": -83.8407239,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": null,
    "star_count": 3.4,
    "rating_count": 7,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Patrick Richmond D.P.M. P.C.",
    "address": "22**********",
    "phone": "********3440",
    "email": "al****@pe**********",
    "lat": 45.3756224,
    "lng": -84.9238442,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": null,
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 2,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Greg P. Vogt",
    "address": "80**********",
    "phone": "********8900",
    "email": "in**@mo********",
    "lat": 41.7613964,
    "lng": -83.6266485,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Lambertville",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 2,
    "category_name": "Doctors,Sports medicine physicians,Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Christine I. Tumele",
    "address": "80**********",
    "phone": "********8900",
    "email": "in**@mo********",
    "lat": 41.7613964,
    "lng": -83.6266485,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Lambertville",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Sports medicine physicians,Doctors"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. David Hunter D.P.M. P.C.",
    "address": "22**********",
    "phone": "********3440",
    "email": "al****@pe**********",
    "lat": 45.3756224,
    "lng": -84.9238442,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": null,
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 1,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Nsima Usen, DPM",
    "address": "16**********",
    "phone": "********1333",
    "email": "in**@fo**********",
    "lat": 42.2140166,
    "lng": -83.1724128,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 4,
    "rating_count": 1,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Andrew R Mastay, DPM",
    "address": "35**********",
    "phone": "********7936",
    "email": "Co**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.54936,
    "lng": -83.0731324,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Dr. Edward S Gordon D.P.M., P.C. And Timothy B Snyder D.P.M.",
    "address": "25**********",
    "phone": "********4820",
    "email": "es******@co*********",
    "lat": 42.4837221,
    "lng": -82.986485,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 5,
    "rating_count": 2,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists,Doctors"
  },
  {
    "name": "Kevin Sorensen, DPM",
    "address": "29**********",
    "phone": "********5938",
    "email": "mi******@me****",
    "lat": 42.5036365,
    "lng": -83.2866381,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 3.7,
    "rating_count": 3,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Karl Dunn, DPM",
    "address": "61**********",
    "phone": "********7976",
    "email": "in*********@sp*********",
    "lat": 42.5542131,
    "lng": -84.8172787,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Charlotte",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  },
  {
    "name": "Cirilli George D DPM",
    "address": "27**********",
    "phone": "********9106",
    "email": "Ma**********@hf******",
    "lat": 42.3672579,
    "lng": -83.0849824,
    "url": "ht**********",
    "country": "United States",
    "state": "Michigan",
    "city": "Detroit",
    "star_count": 0,
    "rating_count": 0,
    "category_name": "Podiatrists"
  }
]
bestinsight quality

How Smartscrapers Data Services Helps Businesses

Explore the strategic advantages our web scraping solutions bring to your business.

Lead GenerationStreamline your lead generation strategy with LeadFeed! Our cutting-edge platform offers premium data solutions to find targeted leads, access buyer intent data, personalize your sales pitch, and maximize conversion rates. Elevate your business to new heights with LeadFeed!
lead-img-3
real estate

Email Campaigns

Transform your email campaigns with accurate and up-to-date contact information. Our web scraping services empower you to build targeted email lists, enhance personalization, and boost deliverability, ensuring your messages reach the right audience.

real estate

Cold Calling

Revolutionize your cold-calling strategies with our web scraping solutions. Access updated contact information, tailor pitches based on audience insights, and increase conversion rates, turning leads into valuable customers through effective communication.

real estate

Mail Campaigns

Enhance your direct mail campaigns with our targeted data solutions. Craft tailored content based on precise insights, increase response rates by delivering resonant content and optimize your budget by targeting the most relevant recipients.

Number of Podiatrists locations by each city/area

City/AreaPopulationNumber Of PodiatristsNumber Of Podiatrists / 10K People
Detroit 677.12K78512
Grand Rapids 195.10K322
Flint 98.31K273
Ann Arbor 117.07K262
Lansing 115.06K202
Jackson 33.13K165
Kalamazoo 76.04K162
Battle Creek 51.59K143
Midland 42.20K143
Holland 33.74K124
Saginaw 49.35K122
Bay City 33.92K93
Walker 24.65K94
Chelsea 5.21K815
Lapeer 8.79K89
Marshall 7.04K811
Monroe 20.09K84
Port Huron 29.33K83
Wyoming 75.28K81
Alma 9.19K78
Brighton 7.61K79
Marquette 21.30K73
Traverse City 15.22K75
East Lansing 48.47K61
Grand Blanc 7.99K68
Grand Haven 11.06K65
Grandville 15.95K64
Manistee 6.08K610
Portage 48.18K61
Wacousta 1.44K642
Adrian 20.69K52
Alpena 10.18K55
Escanaba 12.33K54
Lambertville 9.95K55
Mount Pleasant 26.06K52
Okemos 21.37K52
Richmond 5.86K59
Shelby 2.02K525
Sturgis 10.90K55
Ypsilanti 19.95K53
Allegan 5.07K48
Big Rapids 10.40K44
Comstock Park 10.09K44
Fenton 11.44K43
Fowlerville 2.90K414
Frankenmuth 5.03K48
Greenville 8.44K45
Hastings 7.28K45
Howell 9.52K44
Muskegon 38.40K41
Sault Ste. Marie 13.83K43
Waverly 23.93K42
Caro 4.10K37
Coldwater 10.84K33
Gaylord 3.66K38
Hillsdale 8.16K34
Kalkaska 2.04K315
Ludington 8.06K34
Owosso 14.70K32
Petoskey 5.72K35
Pigeon 1.17K326
Roscommon 1.06K328
South Haven 4.36K37
Watervliet 1.69K318
Armada 1.74K211
Benton Harbor 9.98K22
Cass City 2.36K28
Charlevoix 2.54K28
Charlotte 9.05K22
Clare 3.08K26
Clinton 2.27K29
Davison 4.96K24
Fremont 4.04K25
Fruitport 1.11K218
Holly 6.17K23
Hudsonville 7.32K23
Ionia 11.37K22
Iron Mountain 7.50K23
Jenison 16.54K21
Jonesville 2.22K29
Kingsford 5.07K24
Marysville 9.76K22
Newaygo 1.96K210
Niles 11.33K22
Northview 14.54K21
Paw Paw 3.46K26
Saint Johns 7.87K23
Tawas City 1.79K211
Zeeland 5.63K24
Boyne City 3.78K13
Buchanan 4.36K12
Burton 28.79K1~1
Cadillac 10.37K11
Caledonia 1.59K16
Carson City 1.09K19
Cheboygan 4.73K12
Coloma 1.46K17
Corunna 3.40K13
Cutlerville 14.37K11
DeWitt 4.66K12
Dexter 4.07K12
Dowagiac 5.85K12
Frankfort 1.28K18
Gladwin 2.88K13
Goodrich 1.83K15
Grand Ledge 7.79K11
Grayling 1.84K15
Greilickville 1.53K17
Harbor Beach 1.63K16
Haslett 19.22K11
Houghton Lake 3.43K13
Indian River 1.96K15
Ironwood 5.00K12
Laurium 1.94K15
Manistique 2.98K13
Menominee 8.38K11
Milan 5.98K12
Norton Shores 24.21K1~1
Norway 2.80K14
Prudenville 1.68K16
Rockford 6.13K12
Rogers City 2.71K14
Saint Ignace 2.45K14
Saint Joseph 8.37K11
Sandusky 2.60K14

How many Podiatrists are there in Michigan?

There are a total of 1406 Podiatrists in Michigan as of April 20, 2024.

List of Podiatrists in Michigan

Download the list of 1406 Podiatrists in Michigan as of April 20, 2024 based on phone number, email, and both.

Number of Podiatrists in Michigan with Phone Number

1365

Number of Podiatrists in Michigan with Email

112

Number of Podiatrists in Michigan with Phone Number and Email

112

Download sales qualified leads of Podiatrists in the Michigan

Download this data in CSV, Esri Shapefile, Excel, GeoJSON, or KML
(Google Earth) file formats.

Data of Podiatrists in Michigan with/without Website

Download the list of Podiatrists in Michigan as of April 20, 2024 with and without website information.

731

Number of Podiatrists in Michigan with website

675

Number of Podiatrists in Michigan without website

List of Podiatrists in Michigan By Ratings

Download the data of the number of star-rated Podiatrists in Michigan as of April 20, 2024.

30

Number of 1 star-rated Podiatrists in Michigan

2

Number of 2 star-rated Podiatrists in Michigan

29

Number of 3 star-rated Podiatrists in Michigan

98

Number of 4 star-rated Podiatrists in Michigan

561

Number of 5 star-rated Podiatrists in Michigan

Newly Opened
Business

lead-img-1

Recently Closed
Business

lead-img-1

Monthly Insights for Market Analysis and Growth

Receive monthly updates on business openings and closings across diverse industries.

  • Essential data for sales, marketing professionals, investors, and analysts.
  • Strategically compiled to inform and guide your marketing and sales tactics.
  • Leverage monthly data to refine your sales leads and marketing strategies.
  • Stay ahead of market trends with timely, comprehensive business insights.

Special Features

real estate investments

Monthly dispatch of business dynamics in over 5000 categories.

real estate investments

Data sets tailored for impactful sales and marketing applications.

real estate investments

Efficient access to a wide array of business information.

WHY SMARTSCRAPERS?

Not Just Leads!

Unlock the complete potential of your marketing, sales, analytics, and other business operations with quality leads found nowhere else on the Internet. Decrease your time spent on finding leads and shift your focus to more productive tasks. 

Close Faster

62%Increase in overall productivity
lead-img-1

Gain Insights

3xIncrease in win rates
lead-img-2

Attract Customers

74%Decrease in marketing spend
lead-img-3

The total number of Podiatrists in Michigan is 1406.

Smartscrapers is your go-to platform to get authentic and reliable data on Podiatrists in Michigan at an affordable price.

You can download the complete dataset of sales qualified leads of Podiatrists in Michigan once you purchase it.

Absolutely! Smartscrapers enables you to download a sample dataset directly from the corresponding webpage.

You can download the data in CSV, Esri Shapefile, Excel, GeoJSON, or KML (Google Earth) file formats.

The price of Podiatrists in Michigan dataset costs $149.

There are 1365 Podiatrists in Michigan with phone numbers.

There are 112 Podiatrists in Michigan with email lists.

There are 112 Podiatrists in Michigan with both phone numbers and email lists.

The total count of Podiatrists in Michigan with a website is 731.

The total count of Podiatrists in Michigan without a website is 675.

There are 561 5-star rated Podiatrists in Michigan.

There are 98 4-star rated Podiatrists in Michigan.

There are 29 3-star rated Podiatrists in Michigan.

There are 2 2-star rated Podiatrists in Michigan.

There are 30 1-star rated Podiatrists in Michigan.

By uploading our dataset on Podiatrists, you can effortlessly reach the right target audience, optimize your ad campaigns, and increase your conversion rate.

By uploading our dataset on Podiatrists, you can effortlessly reach the right target audience through Google Ads, optimize your ad campaigns, and maximize your ROI.

With the email addresses of Podiatrists, you can reach your audience directly, ensuring your messages land in the inboxes of potential customers, leading to increased engagement and conversion rates.

Whether for cold calling campaigns or personalized messaging, having accurate phone numbers allows you to establish meaningful connections.

The mailing address data of Podiatrists ensures that your promotional materials reach the hands of potential customers, driving engagement and brand recognition.